| Knowledge. International Association of the Mataatua Declaration (Ed.), New Zealand: Mead, A.T.P., 1994a. Biculturalism and Cultural Sensitivity in Human Gene Therapy and Research. In Health Research Council of New Zealand, Draft Report and Guidelines on the Clinical and Research Use of Human Genes: Report to the Health Research Council Ethics Committee (pp. 54-61). Mead, A. T. P., 1994b. Indigenous Rights to Land and Biological Resources-The Convention on Biological Diversity. Presented to the International Institute for Research (NZ) Ltd. and Dept. of Conservation Conference on Biodiversity: Impacts on Government, Business and the Economy. Mead, A.T.P., 1994c. Misappropriation of Indigenous Knowledge: The Next Wave of Colonisation. Otago Bioethics Report, 3(1), 4-7. Nijar, G.S., 1994. Third World Network Discussion Paper: Towards a Legal Framework for Protecting Biological Diversity and Community Intellectual Rights-A Third World Perspective. Second Session of the ICCBD, Nairobi, 20 June-1 July. Nijar, G.S. & C.Y. Ling, 1993. Intellectual Property Rights: The Threat to Farmers and Biodiversity. Third World Resurgence, 39: 35-40. O’Keefe, P.J., 1992. Intellectual Property. Cultural Property. Cultural Heritage. Do These Further Indigenous Interests? Presented at: “First International Conference on the Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples”, at Whakatane, New Zealand. O’Keefe, P.J., 1993a. Copyright Produced Inhibitions on Access to the Cultural Heritage. Presented at Conference: “Cultural Agency / Cultural Authority: Politics and Poetics of Intellectual Property in the Post-Colonial Era”, at Bellagio. O’Keefe, P.J., 1994. Feasibility of an International Code of Ethics for Dealers in Cultural Property for the Purpose of More Effective Control of Illicit Traffic in Cultural Property: A Report for UNESCO. Paris: UNESCO. Pimbert, M.P., & Pretty, J.N., 1995. Parks, People and Professionals: Putting “Participation” into Protected Area Management. UNRISD Discussion Paper 57 Geneva: UNRISD/IIED/WWF. Posey, D.A., 1990. Intellectual Property Rights and Just Compensation for Indigenous Knowledge. Anthropology Today, 6(4): 13-16. Posey, D.A., 1994. International Agreements and Intellectual Property Right Protection for Indigenous Peoples. In T. Greaves (Ed.), Intellectual Property Rights for Indigenous Peoples: A Sourcebook: 223-251. Posey, D.A., 1994. Traditional Resource Rights (TRR): De Facto Self-determination for Indigenous Peoples. In L. van der Vlist (Ed.), Voices of the Earth: Indigenous Peoples, New Partners & the Right to Self-determination in Practice (L. van der Vlist, Ed.) Amsterdam: The Netherlands Centre for Indigenous Peoples: 217-235. |
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| Posey, D.A., (with contributions by Dutfield, G., Plenderleith, K., da Costa e Silva, E. & Argumedo, A) 1996. Traditional Resource Rights: International Instruments for Protection and Compensation for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. Gland: IUCN. Posey, D.A. & Dutfield, G., 1996. Beyond Intellectual Property Rights: Towards Traditional Resource Rights for Indigenous and Local Communities. IDRC & WWF, Ottawa & Gland. Posey, D.A., Dutfield, G. & Plenderleith, K., 1995. Collaborative Research and Intellectual Property Rights. Biodiversity and Conservation, 4(8): 892-902. Principe, P. P., 1989. The Economic Significance of Plants and their Constituents as Drugs. In H. Wagner, H. Hikino & N.R. Farnsworth (Eds.), Economic and Medicinal Plants Research, Volume 3. London & San Diego: Academic Press. RAFI, 1993. “Immortalising” the (good?) Samaritan: Patents, Indigenous Peoples and Human Genetic Diversity. Rural Advancement Foundation International Communique, April. RAFI, 1994a. Declaring the Benefits. RAFI Occasional Paper Series 1:3:October. RAFI, 1994b. The Patenting of Human Genetic Material. Rural Advancement Foundation International Communique, January/February. Reid, W.V., S.A. Laird, C.A. Meyer, R. Gamez, A. Sittenfeld, D.H. Janzen, M.A. Gollin, & C. Juma, 1993. Biodiversity Prospecting: Using Genetic Resources for Sustainable Development. Washington DC: World Resources Institute. Shiva, V., 1994. The Need for Sui Generis Rights, Seedling, 12(1): 11-15. Shiva, 1995. Democracy Wins on Patent Laws Debate in Indian Parliament. (Press release). Simon, M.M. & Brooke, L., 1997. Inuit Science: Nunavik’s Experience in Canada. In Posey, D. & Dutfield, G. Indigenous Peoples & Sustainability: Cases & Actions. Utrecht: International Books & IUCN: 353-361. Third World Network, 1995. Patents on Life, Intellectual Property and the Environment. A collection of TWN papers and articles. Briefings for the CSD Session, No.2. Penang: TWN. UNDP, 1994. Conserving Indigenous Knowledge: Integrating Two Systems of Innovation. An independent study by the Rural Advancement Foundation International. Commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme, New York. UN Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, Sub- Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. Working Group on Indigenous Populations, 1993. Discrimination against Indigenous Peoples: Study on the Protection of the Cultural and Intellectual Property of Indigenous Peoples. UN Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, Sub- Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. Working Group on Indigenous Populations, 1993. The Mataatua Declaration on Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples, June 1993. |
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| UNESCO, 1994. Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Paris: UNESCO. World Council of Indigenous Peoples, 1993. Presumed Dead...But Still Useful as a Human By-product. Ottawa: WCIP. |
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| APPENDIX 1 |
| UN DRAFT DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES As Agreed Upon By Members Of The Working Group on Indigenous Populations At Its Eleventh Session - 1993 Affirming that indigenous peoples are equal in dignity and rights to all other peoples, while recognising the right of all peoples to be different, to consider themselves different, and to be respected as such, Affirming also that all peoples contribute to the diversity and richness of civilisations and cultures, which constitute the common heritage of humankind, Affirming further that all doctrines, policies and practices based on or advocating superiority of peoples or individuals on the basis of national origin, racial, religious, ethnic or cultural differences are racist, scientifically false, legally invalid, morally condemnable and socially unjust, Reaffirming also that indigenous peoples, in the exercise of their rights, should be free from discrimination of any kind, Concerned that indigenous peoples have been deprived of their human rights and fundamental freedoms, resulting, inter alia, in their colonisation and dispossession of their lands, territories and resources, thus preventing them from exercising, in particular, their right to development in accordance with their own needs and interests, Recognising the urgent need to respect and promote the inherent rights and characteristics of indigenous peoples, especially their rights to their lands, territories and resources, which derive from their political, economic and social structures, and from their cultures, spiritual traditions, histories and philosophies, Welcoming the fact that indigenous peoples are organising themselves for political, economic, social and cultural enhancement and in order to bring an end to all forms of discrimination and oppression wherever they occur, Convinced that control by indigenous peoples over developments affecting them and their lands, territories and resources will enable them to maintain and strengthen their institutions, cultures and traditions, and to promote their development in accordance with their institutions, cultures and traditions, and to promote their development in accordance with their aspirations and needs, Recognising also that respect for indigenous knowledge, cultures and traditional practices contributes to sustainable and equitable development and proper management of the environment, Emphasizing the need for demilitarisation of the lands and territories of indigenous peoples, which will contribute to peace, economic and social progress and development, understanding and friendly relations among the nations and peoples of the world, |
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