Index

"A" Xiaozu, 41-3

aboriginal people, Taiwanese, 223, 227, 243, 251

Adam, J.R., 253-4

administration, 27, 102

adoption, 182, 215, 269-70, 272

affinal kin, 5, 8, 14, 48-9, 52, 57-8, 60-2, 64, 66, 71, 73, 82, 86-9, 221

Africa, research in, 275-81, 288, 290

African Political Systems

African Systems of Kinship and Marriage

age grades, 5

axes, geographical, 99

agnates, 21, 24, 71, 82-3, 89, 160, 267, 270

agriculture, 29, 81, 93, 196, 245, 250, 277-8

Ahern, E., 49-50, 63-64, 134, 155-6, 238, 285

Akamatsu Chijo, 6

Akiba Takashi, 6

Akiyama Yoshiteru, 22

altars, 111, 169, 174

ambilateral kinship, 14, 210, 218, 221-4

America, Chinese in, 76

American Anthropological Association, 289-90

Ami, 205, 221, 227-8, 231, 237, 241-4, 246

Amiduofo, 169

Amur River, 6

An clan, 250

Analects of Confucius

ancestors, 8, 14, 52, 56, 71-3, 82, 89, 91-2, 96, 98, 100, 108-9, 113, 119, 156, 158, 163, 176-9, 183-4, 197, 203, 211, 217, 219-20, 225, 230-1, 234-9, 241-2, 244, 256, 261, 263, 268, 271-2, 280, 288

ancestors, tombs of 76, 96-7

ancestral halls, 14, 72-4, 76, 108, 110-2, 114-5, 117, 184, 196-8, 210, 238, 261, 263

ancestral tablets, 98, 102, 111, 113, 158, 184, 187-8, 203, 212-3, 215-6, 218-20, 223, 230, 234-41

Ando Kiichirou, 4

ang-pau

angpao

Anhui Province, 10, 72-3, 75, 82, 90, 102, 191, 195, 262

Anshun Mission Station, 253

Anshun, 253-5, 258

Anti-Japanese war, 36, 290

archaeology, 6, 8

Anti-Rightist Campaign, 290

Arrow Affair, 248

Asano Haruji, 8

Ashanti, 279

associations, 105-18

Atayal, 4, 246

Au Choy (Ke Cai) Clansmen Association, 115

Au Choy Clansmen Association, 114

Au Ou Au-Yeung Clansmen Association, 114

au-thau-chhu

ba-gua

ba-zi

Baba Chinese, 179

babies, tablets for, 237

Babuza, 246

Bahasa Malaysia, 156, 179

Bai, 15, 251, 264

Baiyue, 201, 203

Baker, Hugh, 112, 116, 156, 283-4

Ballew, Tad, 291

Ban Yutaka, 6

Ban-sui, 140

Bandi, 255, 260-1

banquet, marriage, 53, 87

Bao xi

bao

bao miao

Barber,

Basai, 226-7

Beattie,

Beer, C., 278

Beijing, 9, 72, 118; treaty of, 254

Berkeley, University of California at, 283

betrothal, 52

Bible, and minority languages, 260

Bido, 159

Big Dipper, 268

big men, 26-27

bilateral kinship, 14, 221-5, 230-3, 239-42, 244-6

birth, 55, 84; control, 197

Black Yi, 250-1

blessing rice, 84

bo-ku

bo-ku-lian

boats, and Ong-ia, 141

body-building contests, 290

Boluo, 191-2

Bon ritual, 11

Bond, M.H., 21

bone and blood, 96

Book of the Dead, 99

botanists, 7

Boxer Rebellion, 253

branch temples, 148-9, 153

bride, 50, 52-3, 272

brigade, 89

brothers, 50, 52, 104, 157

brothers-in-law, relations between, 62

Brownell, S., 290-1

Bu, 250

Buck, J., 281

Buddha, 56, 169

Buddhism, 76, 156, 176, 263

building sites, migrant labour and, 103

Bunun, 4, 246

bureaucratic ethics, Chinese, 200

burial, 101, 131, 170, 172-3

Burman tribes, 201

business, 14, 18, 24, 65, 75, 81, 89, 111

cadres, 77, 79, 90, 131, 289

Cai surname, 115

Canada, 108, 113-4

Cantonese, 25-6, 117, 201, 203, 267

Cao Congpo, 47

Cao surname, 115

Capitalism and the Chinese Peasant

capital, 78, 287

cash crops, 221, 278

Catholic Church, 230, 236, 240

cemetery, 158, 172, 174

census, Chinese, 182

Center for Area Studies of Keio University, 13

Central China

Ch'ing Dynasty, see Qing Dynasty

cha-bo-gin-a-sun

Chai, 142, 155

Changting, 195

Chao-zhou (Chaozhou, Teochiu), 11, 114-5, 117, 157, 159, 169, 177-80, 191, 195-6, 199-200

Chap-ji Ong-ia, 143

Chap-ji-ni tat-ni Un-ong, 142

charms, destruction of, 257

Chekiang, 150

chemical fertiliser, 93

Chen Chi-nan, 18-19, 21

Chen Clan Academy, 112

Chen Village

cheng-huang

Chengfeng District, 31

Chew Lun Clansman Association, 116-7

Chhian-sui, 140

chhin

chhin-chhek

Chhin-chok

chhoa-lo-ke

Chia, 157

Chia-yi, 148-9, 151

Chiang Kham District, 266

Chiang Mai University, 273

Chiang Mai, 265

Chiang Rai Province, 265-6

Chiao Chien, 223

chicken and egg production, 103

chickens, guiding, 54

chiefs, African traditional, 278-9

China Inland Mission, 253, 256-7

China, Central, 12, 14; Central and Southern, 10; language, 156, 178, 246; North East, 2, 26; Northern, 2,3,12; People's Republic, 12, 32; religious policy, 259; research in, 281-4; Southeast China, 12, 105, 192; Southern, 7, 12, 203, 265; Southwest China,

Chinese, in Singapore, 283; in Taiwan, 228; infiltration of, 210; registration of, 246

Chinese-Japanese, 26

chio

cho'-sian

cho-au-thau

Choi Chi-cheung, 14

chong hua

Chongming, 44

Chow (Zhou) Clansmen Association, 115-7

Chow Limkei Clansmen Associations, 110, 116-7

Christianity, 179, 211, 213, 218, 223, 234-5, 242, 248-64, 276, 280; and ancestors, 215, 220; and education, 261; and Han Chinese, 262; and Kvalan, 227, 230; and local officials, 262; and local traditions, 261; and social problems, 262; conversion to, 10,

Chu-lo-san, 148

Chua, 157

Chuang Yin-chang, 21

Chugoku Minwa no Kai (Chinese Folklore Research Group) 12-13

Chugoku Noson Kanko Chosakankokai (Chinese Rural Customs Survey Research Group), 9

Chunghua County, 49

Chunshan County, 112

church, see Christianity

Chuugoku Tairiku Kobunka Kenkyuukai (Group for the Study of the Ancient Culture of Mainland China), 11

citan

cities, in China, 289

Ciu (Zhao) Clansmen General Association of Hong Kong, 115

civil war, 22, 36, 87

clan, associations, 105, 109, 112; exogamy, 7; organisation, 110, 112, 118

Clarke, S.R., 251, 253

classics, Chinese, and elite worship, 178

class, social, 21-2, 281

clothes, female, 273; funeral, 164

Coastal Mountains, Taiwan, 227

coastal land, expansion of, 44

coffins, 162-4, 166-7, 169-72, 179-80; and geomancy, 131

cogon grass, 122

Cohen, A., 278-9

Cohen, M., 53, 64, 283-5

Cohen, R., 279

collective priesthood, 268, 271

collectivisation, 67, 87, 89, 90

Colombo, Bai in, 184

colonialism, and ethnology, 3; internal, 288

colonists, in Taiwan, 227

Columbia University, 284

communal land, Bai, 184

communes, 73, 89, 260; and production, 103; and welfare, 87

Communist Party, Chinese, 9, 81, 89, 261

community, 8; re-emergence of, 90

Comparative Folklore Studies

comparative studies, 12, 15

condolence, messages of, 170

Confucianism, 20, 67, 103, 121, 156, 176, 200, 256,

cong

conjugal family, 51, 55-6, 63-5

consolation money, 159, 170

construction, and

contracts, 31-2, 37

conversion, 255-7, 280

corporate demarcation, 17

corporate features, 14

corporate group, 21

corporate property, of associations, 107

corpse, 164-7

cosmology, 92, 136, 154, 276

costume, women's, 251

cotton production, 29-31, 37-39, 42

counter-revolutionaries, and Christians, 260

courtesy, and reciprocity, 82

courting, Miao, 259

cousins, 64, 87, 210

creative power, and danger, 153

cremation, 101

Croll, E., 286

Crook, D and I, 274

cross cousins, 64

Crowder, M., 276

cult groups, 232-3, 241,

Cultural Revolution, 23-4, 74, 100-3, 121, 132-3, 197, 261, 281-2, 285-6, 290

culture, Chinese, 20, 217-8, 220, 222, 226; differences, 198; research into, 289-90; history, 11; theory, 13; and funeral rites, 159; see sinicisation

curing, 26, 223, 237, 244

Curtin, P., 279

customary law, 7

dabenqu

Dafeng, County, 32, 37-9, 42, 46

Dafeng Land Reclamation Company, 29-32, 36-42, 44

Dafengling Mountain, 130

Dali Baizu Zizhizhou (Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture), 182

Dali Basin, 183-4, 188-9

Dali kingdoms, 183

Daliang Mountain, 128

dance, 258, 260-1

Dao-zang, 150

Daqiao, 32

Dasheng Capital Group, 32

Dasheng Spinning Mill, 31, 44

Dasongshu Church, 253

daughters, husbands of, 58; and Puyama tablets, 212; birth of, 48, 51, 64; and memorial ritual, 58, 170, 171; significance of, 65; and residence after marriage, 210

daughters-in-law, 262

Dazhong Ji, 37

Dazhong Zheng, 29, 31, 37, 41-2

De Groot, J., 134

dead, progress of, 99; separation from, 159-62, 170

death, 50; and affinal relations, 57; euphemisms for, 99; of women, 56; preparations for, 163-4

debt, 36, 39

decollectivisation, 67

Defeng District, 43

degree holders, 73

deification of spirits, 154

Deng Cheng-kong, 226

Deng Xiaoping, 118

Dengdui, 254

descent, 71, 92; mixed, 236; see also ancestors

dialects, Chinese, 246

dian zhu

Dianshan Township, 122, 134

Dianxia Village, 127

Dingfeng District, 36

diplomatic policy, and Chinese associations, 116

distant and near, 96

district associations, 106

divination, 210, 213, 218, 240; see also

divorce, 104

dog meat, taboo, 198-9

donations, for temples and monuments, 59, 60, 65-6, 81

Donguang County, 113-4

Dongzhi

Doré, H., 150

Douglas, M., 153, 275, 276

Doulonggang, 30, 39

Dowager Empress, and foreigners, 253-4

Downer, G., 273

dowry, 52-3, 64

dragon, 122, 125-7, 130, 225

Dragon Lantern Festival, 126-8, 131, 134

drainage, 38

drama, funeral, 169

Du Wenxiu, 263

Du-mu-e, age of, 250

duan-hun-qiao

Ducheng Village, 113

Duo'e Tumu, 255

Durkheimian sociology, 5

Dutch, 226

dzip tsow

East Asian archaeology, 2

Ebrey, P., 64, 72, 291

economic aid, and gift giving, 88

economic development, 64

economic reforms, 103, 289

economic relations, 157

economic situation, and ritual practice, 177

education, 43-4, 211, 228; and Christianity, 261; and minorities, 197

ego-centred, kinship, 231, 239, 242, 244-5,

Eitel, E., 134

eldest son, 167, 171, 180

elections, 49

elementary villages, 148, 150

elites, 71, 73, 82, 89, 112, 279

Emigration and the Chinese Lineage

emigration, of Taiwan aborigines, 227

emperor, 99, 137, 155

Endicott, S., 286

endogamy, 210

Engels, F., 282

Ennin, 1

Ensai, 1

enterprises, 51, 75, 78, 82, 103, 283-4, 289

er gou zhuang

er shi si bai

Ertang, 255

estate, division of, 50

ethical relations, and Christianity, 262

ethnic groups, 156, 192, 225-6, 244, 276, 286-9; boundaries, 15, 191, 199-200, 266, 269; histories, 6; identity, 7, 10, 14, 118, 179, 192, 195, 197, 223, 225, 227-8, 230, 233, 243-4, 265, 270, 279, 283, 287-9; identity and ancestor worship, 177; identity a

ethnohistory, 4, 11

ethnologists, and minorities, 197-8

ethnomusicology, 7

Evans-Pritchard, E.E., 275-6, 283

evil, driving away, 128

evolutionism, 4

examination, imperial, 73

exorcism, 141, 155

Experiences of Land Reform in China

extra-village links, and presentation, 88

faat

faat bua

factions, 19

factory workers, 51, 278

Fadi, 253

family, altar, 14; division, 50-2, 55-6, 63-4; enterprise, 67, 289; heads, 60; loyalty, 89; organisation, 17; property, 210; register, 66, 239; solidarity, 27; structure, 14, 17-9, 21, 48, 103, 189, 210, 245; and migration, 40, 45; changes in, 103-4

famine, 23, 255

fan jiulou

Fan-shen

Fana

Fang surname, 114-5

fang

farmers, immigrant, 30, 44

fashi

father-in-law, 59, 63

father-son relations, 273

Fei Xiao-Tung (Hsiao-T'ung), 17, 19-20, 49, 275-6, 281, 286

female costume, 192

female labor, importance of, 189

female, ritual status, 272

fen chan

fen hui

fen-lei

fendazi

Feng-shen yan-yi

Fenghuangshan Mountain, and She origin, 195-6

Fengli, 32

fengshui

fertility, 141

festivals, 8, 71, 140-1, 143, 145, 148-50, 153

Feuchtwang, S. 134

feudal lords, analogy with gods, 140

fictive kin, 8, 14, 43, 45

filial piety, 87

financial help, and affines, 88

First Qin Emperor, 71

Firth, Sir. R., 283

fishing, 8, 157, 164, 228

fission, 18

Fitzgerald, C.P., 184

flags,172

Flood, story of, 250

flooding, 30, 38, 149

folk songs, 201

folk-biology, 269

Fong (Fang) Clansmen Association of Hong Kong, 115

Fongping Xiang, 227

food offerings, and funerals, 170

Forde, D., 275-6

foreigners, empress and, 254

Fortes, M., 275-6, 283

foster parents, 215

Freedman, M., 14, 50, 83, 109, 112, 118, 133-5, 198, 283

Freeman, D., 246

French structuralism, 13

Fried, M., 248

friendships, 24

frontier, Han-Chinese, 189

Fu-de Zheng-shen, 137

Fufeng District, 31, 43

Fujian (Fukien), dialect, 51, 154; immigrants, 8, 137, 143, 226; people, 246; Province, 79, 82, 117, 128, 136, 141-2, 191-2, 195, 199-200, 282; temples, 138

Fukuda Ajio, 9, 134

Fukutake Tadashi, 9, 14

Fuming Zheng, 42

functionalism, 19, 275-6

fund-raising, temple, 59

funerals, 49-50, 156-81 band, 161, 167-9, 180; expense of 86-7; procedure of, 167; cult, 244; music, 59; mother's brother's role, 85; practices, changes in, 102; procession, 162, 171-2; rite, 57, 92, 237; rites, 156; and world of shades, 100; as rite of pa

Funing, 44

Furuno Kiyoto, 5

fusion, 18

fut-kywey bua

gaitu guiliu

Gallin, B., 49, 64, 285

Gamble, S., 281

gan qing

gan-zhi

Gang of Four, 260

Gansu Province, 67, 90

Gaoxin, 203

garrison troops, in Bai history, 189

gates, senior and junior, 96

Gebu, 253, 255-8

Gee Tuck Associations, 115, 117

Gelao, 250-1

genealogies, 18-9, 25, 72-4, 77, 81, 93, 96, 101, 179, 202-3, 231, 265,

generation, 64; depth in tablets, 216, 218, 221; poem, 74-5, 96-7; naming system, 72-3

genetic ideology, folk, 54

geomancy, 92, 98-99, 101, 120-35

ghost marriage, 52, 66

ghosts, 136, 148, 150, 152, 154, 237

gia-ong

gift giving, 85-8

Gluckman, M., 275

goa-ke

goa-seng

God, 256

god, analogies with officials, 153-4

gods, 148, 271; and ancestors, 158, 177; creation of, 150, 154; in Taiwan, 136-55

Goody, J., 53, 64, 275, 283

Goutouzu

gouzokushi,

government officials, and minorities, 197; and Ong-ia, 137, 141, 142, 145, 150, 152, 154-5,

graduate students, 15

grain procurement, 289

grand theory, 13

grave fields, 82

grave sites, 73, 96, 99-101, 109, 111, 126, 130, 235

Great Leap Forward, 100

Great Xing-an Mountains, 6

group formation, 20, 24

group tours, 109

gu-xue

Guan ancestor, 115

Guandi, 197

Guang (surname), 114

Guangdong (Kwangtung), 50, 67, 73, 90, 107, 119, 136, 184, 191-2, 195-7, 201, 265, 282, 285; dialects, 115; Institute of for the Study of Chinese Nationalities, 198; people, 246; Province, 22, 110, 112-3, 116-8, 128, 157; migrants from, 106, 114; temples i

Guangxi, 201, 265

Guangzhou City, 112-3, 116

guanxi

Guanxiongguo, 256

Guanyu

guardian spirits, 268, 270

Guasua Sub-District, 157

guest room, 158, 169, 172-3

gui jie

gui ju

gui

guifang

Guiqi, 192

Guizhou, 248, 250-1, 254-5, 260, 265

guizon

Guldin, G., 281-2, 287, 290

guoji

guonian

Guoye

gyaa thay

gyaa tsaeq

Haicheng County, 92, 97

Haifeng, 191-2, 5

Haimen County, 30-2, 36-8, 40-4, 46

Hakka 8, 10, 26, 117, 192, 198-203, 228, 237, 239, 246; dialects, 199-200; and Chinese culture, 201; distribution, 195; in Hong Kong, 25; influence on She, 195, 200, 202

Han Min, 10, 64, 85, 96, 102, 262, 286, 288

Han Chinese, 2, 8, 14-5, 122, 131, 192, 197-8, 202-3, 225, 228, 230, 243, 248, 252, 256, 263, 265; and Bai, 183, 264; cosmology, 136, 150, 152, 154; culture, 184, 192, 196, 200-1, 203, 226; dialects, 192; expansion of, 189; kinship, variations in, 182; and

Han River, 196

han lao bao shou

hanhua

hao

Harayama Akira, 6

hare, links with moon, 98

Hart, Keith, 278

Harvard University, 284

Hasegawa Kyoshi, 7

Hatanaka Sachiko, 6

Hayashi Megumi, 9

headhunting, 211

heaven and earth, interaction of, 120

Heaven, 153-4

Heavenly King, 250

Hebei, 72

Heiho-zoku

Henan Province, 71-2, 75

Heng, 250

heng-ho-su

Hengfeng District, 31

Hepburn, 154

Hezhang, 255

hierarchy, 24-5, 96

hill tribes, in East Asia, 202

Hill, P., 277-8

Hindus, 156, 179

Hinton, W., 22, 274

Hmong, 250

ho tiu

Hoa-lien Prefecture, 227

Hoanya, 246

hoat-su

Hode (She), 192

Hodgen, 6

Hoiping Lowkong Clansmen Association, 117

Hoiping Yu Leung District Association, 107

Hoiping Zeng Kiu District Association, 107

Hokkien, 179

Hoklao, 25

Hong Kong, 3, 10-3, 28, 49, 64, 76, 105, 107-13, 115-7, 156, 177, 282-5; Bai in 184;

Hong Kong Au Choy Clansmen Association, 106

Hong Kong Bolo District Association, 107, 116-7

Hong Kong Chew Lun Clansmen Association, 114, 116

Hong Kong Gee Tuck General Association, 106, 114

Hong Kong Hoi Ping Fong's Mutual Aid Association, 114

Hong Kong Hoiping Lowkong Clansmen Association, 107

Hong Kong Kwan (Guan) Clansmen Association, 115

Hong Kong Lau (Liu) Clansmen Association, 115

Hong Kong Ng (Wu) Clansmen Association, 117

Hong Kong Shoo Yuen Tong Lui Fang, 114

Hong Kong To Ching Countrymen Association, 107

Hong Kong Wong Clan Association, 106

Hong Kong Zeng (Zhan) Clansmen Association, 115

Hongdong County, 72

Horie Shun'ichi, 8, 14, 66

Horigome Kenji, 134

Horton, R., 280

Hosei University, 12

house ancestors, 67, 217, 222

household, 73, 89, 158, 232; altar, 158-9, 179; Bai, 184; composition, 277; division, and tablets, 219, 230; group, 157; Kvalan, 231; origins, of, 41; production, 76, 82, 88

houselaterality, 221

houses, 38, 40, 42, 56, 96, 130, 223

Howe, Sir G., 118

Hsieh Jih-chang, 202

Hsu, F., 183-4

Hu Huanyong, 47

Hu surname group, 107

Hua-lien Bay, 227

huafang

Huai River, 30

Huaibei Plain, 71

Huaihai Public Road, 32

Huamiao ("party-coloured Miao";), 250

Huang, C.-S., 285

Huang, P., 196, 285-6

Huang Shu-min, 286

Huang Yifeng, 47

Huangda Mountain, 125

Huangdi, Emperor, 178

Hugong Miao, 127

Hui men, 83

Hui, 263

Hui-yang County, 22, 191-2, 200

Hukken-zoku

Hunan Province, 116, 203, 265

Huomo Tumu, 255

husband, common law, 239; natal and conjugal family of, 51; relations with wife,104

hysteria, mass, 258

identity, 11, 15, 43, 45, 71, 75-6, 81, 89, 177, 202, 287-8; see also ethnic groups

Iikura Shohei, 13

Ikeda Toshio, 8, 49

Ikime, O., 276

Ilan Plain, 226, 238, 244

illegitimacy, 239

illness, and ancestors, 220

Imanishi Kinji, 6

immigration, 8, 25, 32, 45, 71, 118

Imperial University of Taipei, anthropology at, 4

imperial examination system, 77

imperial period, 90

incense pots, 158

incomes, 38-9

independence, in Africa, 278

India, 12

Indian Malaysians, 179

Indians, 156, 172

indirect dowry, 53

indirect rule, 276

individual, 25

individualism, 9, 21, 245

individuals, and

Indonesia, 4

industrialisation, 41, 52

Inequality among Brothers

inequality, 49

informal economy, 197, 279, 289

infu

inheritance, 222, 240, 245, 277

initiation, 267, 269, 271

inmarriage, 215, 219-20

Inner Mongolia, 6, 188, 290

Ino Kanori, 4, 7, 226

inscriptions, repairing, 79

insect damage, 38

insiders and outsiders, 96

Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, 65

inter-ethnic marriage, 202, 227-8, 230-1

interdisciplinary research, 281

internal migration, 9

International African Institute, 275-6

irrigation systems, 226

Ishida Eiichiro, 13

Ishida Hiroshi, 8

Islam, 276, 280

Iwaki Kamehiko, 3

Izumi Seiichi, 6

Jankoviak, W., 290

Japan, 2, 12, 15, 21; culture, 7; defeat of, 258; study of

Japan-China Field Research Group on the Folklore of Farming, 134

Japanese Anthropological Association, 2

Japanese anthropology, distinctive features of, 13

Japanese colonialism, 26, 150, 205, 210-11, 223

Japanese ethnological study of China, 1-16

Japanese family system, 21

Japanese Journal of Ethnology

Japanese Ministry of Education, 273

Japanese nationality, 26

Japanese Occupation, 74, 87, 228, 235, 238, 243-4, 285

Japanese politics, 26

Japanese religion, 235

Japanese religions, new, 230

Japanese Society of Ethnology, 3

Japanese sources, on Taiwan, 285

Japanese, language, 246

Jesus Christ, 254, 256, 261

ji le qiao

ji-ong

jia tang miao

jia zu

jia

Jiang, 203, 260

Jiangsu Province, 9, 29, 31, 71-2, 75

Jiangxi Province, 112, 191-2, 195

Jianyan era, 122

Jiaoxie, 32

Jie nuo wo

Jiegou church, 256

Jifeng District, 40

Jin period, 203

jin-shi

Jing Jun, 67

Jingning She Nationality Autonomous County, 128

Jingpan Mountain, 126

Jingpo, and bible, 260

Jinhua City, 122, 128

jip-chhu

joint-stock company, 29

Jordan, D., 52, 66, 152

Judd, E. 286, 290

Juegang, 32

Juku-ban

Ka-chheng-lim, 51-2, 54, 56, 59, 64

Kaiping County, 106-7, 110, 112, 114-9

Kaiping Wenshi

kami-dana

Kampaeng Phet, 265

Kanazeki Takeo, 8

Kandre, P., 269

Kang-xi, 137, 141-2

Kani Hiroaki, 8, 10-1, 13

Kano, 280

Kanton-zoku

Kao-hsiung, 137

Karewan Village, 227-8, 244

karomahan

Kasahara Seiji, 5

Kataoka Iwao, 8

Katz, P., 155

Kawaguchi Ekai, 6

Kawamura Tadao, 4

Kawasaki Yuzo, 11

ke

Keelon, 226

Keio University, 12-3

Kelliher, D., 286

keng-chau

Ketangalan, 246

khoy gyaaw say

kia-sai

Kim Kwang-ok, 67

Kimishima Hisako, 11

King, 20

kinship, 14, 90. 97, 105, 182, 184, 210, 222, 231, 276-8, 287-8, 291; see also family, lineage

Kikuchi Hideako, 14

Klang Meng

knaswani

knitwear and clothes production, 103

ko'

Ko-ma-kiong, 59

ko-pang

Koizumi Tetsu, 4

Kokubu Naoichi, 8

Konagaya Yuki, 6

Kong lineage, 67

kongte

Korea, 2, 12, 15; tablets in, 212; kinship system., 222; and geomancy, 120; and bible, 260

Koxinga, 142-3

Kuala Lumpur, 164, 180

Kuan'im (the Goddess of Mercy), 140

Kubo, 10-1

kui

Kulp, D., 50, 281

Kumasi, 277

Kunming, Bai in, 184

Kuo Min Tang (KMT), 227

Kurata Isamu, 5

Kurihara Satoshi, 7, 250

Kuril Islands, 2

Kvalan, 14, 225, 246; history of, 226; immigration, 244; language; population, 228; ritual unit, 233

kwaa faam toy taang

kwaa taang

kwaa taang sow

kwaa taang taung

kwaa taang tay

Kwangtung, see Guangdong

Kwanyin

Kwong Clansmen Society, 114

kywang ong-thay

labour, 31, 39, 49, 88-9

Lampang, 265

Lan, 196-7, 203

Land of Happiness, 99

land, 38, 42, 88, 96, 256; exhaustion, 93; holding, 71, 276-8; pledges, 36-7; prices, 37; reclamation, 29-31, 38, 44; reform, 22, 32, 72, 90, 98, 100, 103; struggle over, 39; and uxorilocal marriage, 189

landowners, 22-3, 40, 100, 250

language, 156, 178, 228, 246; and immigrants, 43

Lanlongqiao, 254

lanterns, 56

lantou

Lanxi City, 122

lao liu fang

lao san zhi

lao zu fen

laomen,

Laos, 265

Laoyeguan, shrine, 197

Laozhuangzi Village, 72, 74, 75, 77, 80

Lau-zu Ong-ia, 143

laurisilvea

Law, R., 279

Leach, Sir E., 183-4

"Learn from Da Zhai" campaign, 100

left, as superior position, 57

Lei surname, 114, 196, 197, 203

Leiden, 4

Lemo, inheritance, 188

Lemoine, J., 265, 268

Lenin, V.I., 282, 287

Li Ji'an, 258

Li lineage, 67-91, 196, 239, 260

Li Matai, 254

Li Qing, 72, 74

Li Xian-zhi, 75-6

Li Yao-ba, 77, 81

li

li shang wang lai,

Lian, 142

Liang Shu-ming, 20

Lianxi

Lianxi zhou gong ci

Liaodong peninsular, 2

Liaoning Province, 92

Liberation, 36, 44, 72, 82, 84, 86, 89, 122, 182, 188, 196, 198, 260

Lienhardt, G., 275

Lijialou, 67-91

Lijiangkeng, 196-7

Lin Yaohua (Yueh-hwa), 281

lin di

Lin, 157, 238-9

lin-tiu

Lineage organization in Southeastern China

lineage (

Lishui City, 128, 134

Lishui dialect, 132

Lisu, and bible, 260

Litzinger, R., 290

Liu Housheng, 47

Liu ancestor, 115

Liu Chengxun, 97

Liu genealogy, 93

Liu lineage, 93-4

Liu Village, 92, 96

Liu Yabo, 255

Liujia, 32

Liujiagou, 93

lizu

Lloyd, P., 277

loans, 49

local dialect, in research, 8

Lombard, S., 271

London School of Economics, 283

loneliness, and Christianity, 262

long-jie

long-mai

longleng

Longxi, 90

Longyan, 195, 200

Lougang

loushi gui

Lower Yangzi River, lineages, 72

Lowkong (Lougang) Clansmen Association., 107-8

Lu clan, 157, 250

Lubeck, P., 280

Lugard, Lord, 275-6

lunar calendar, 71

Lung Kong Association, 114-6

Luo Xianglin, 195, 201-2

Luo Danyili, 255

Luo Yabo, 254

Luo Zhufeng, 262

luo-pan

Luo-yi mountain, 250

Luoyuan, 192

Lusi, 32

Ma lineage, 73

Ma Xin-guang, 74

Ma-cho' (The Empress of Heaven), 140, 145

Ma-ming-san, 143, 148-9, 151-3

Ma-toh, 152

Ma-tsu, 155

Mabuchi Satoru, 5

Mabuchi Toichi, 3-5, 223, 226, 240, 246

Macau, 108

macro-level political processes, 15

Mae Yao District, 266

Maejima Shinji, 140-2, 150, 155,

magicians, 141-2, 257

Magu, 255

Makatao, 228

Makino Tatsumi, 6, 119

malaria

Malaya, 106, 283

Malays, 156-7

Malaysia, 11, 26, 156, 177

Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), 157, 172

male costumes, 192

Malinowski, B., 275, 281

Man royal family, 6

management, 32, 39

Manchuria, Japanese occupation of, 102

Manchurian Railway Company, 14, 285

Mandarin, 246

Mao period, 74, 90

Mao Ze-dong, 86, 287

marginality, 152-4

market economy, 67, 76, 245, 289

marriage 48-50, 104, 159, 210, 230, 256, 291; alliances, 48; avoidance, Bai, 188; ceremony, 160; exchanges, 52; expenses, and uxorilocal marriage, 189; gifts, 50, 53-5, 85; Mien, 269; restrictions, and surnames, 118; uxorilocal, 182; variations in, 188

Marui Kenjiro, 140

Marx, K., 14, 277

Marxism, 13, 277-8, 281-2, 287

master-disciple relation, 268, 273

Masuda Fukutaro, 8

matchmaker, 53

matrilineal kin, 5, 48, 222, 277

Matsumoto Koichi, 140

Matsumoto Nobuhiro, 6

Matsuzawa Kazuko, 5

Matsuzono Makio, 8

meat, abstention from, 267

mechanisation, 88

media, 228, 290

medical services, 262

Meillassoux, C., 278

Meixian, 195, 198-200

merit making, 156, 178, 267

Miao (She), 192

Miao, 192, 251-3, 248-64; agriculture, 250; belief, 251; Christians, 255-6, 260; executions of, 254; conversion, 257; King, 254. 156; language and customs, 255; peoples, 248; 256; script, 253; way of life, and Christianity, 261

miao,

mid-autumn festival, 86

Mien, 265, 271-2; kinship organisation, 273; language, 267, males, 269; pantheon, 267

migrants, Chinese, 45-7; farmers, 41; labour, 221; processes of, 45-6; She and Hakka, 195; in Taiwan, 211; Yi, 251

Miles, D., 269, 273

millennium, 257

Min dialect, 200

Minchia, 183, 184

Ming Dynasty, 46, 71, 141, 150-1, 183, 189, 195, 250-1, 263

ming-tang

Minnan Chinese, 226, 228, 246

minor marriages, 182

minorities, 2-3, 11, 14, 191, 203, 248, 286-8

minorities policy, 192, 197, 198; contact with Han Chinese, 201; in China, 287-8; influence on Han, 202; population in Taiwan, 211

Minzoku Taiwan

Mio Yuko, 8, 13

missionaries, 248, 253-4, 257, 258

mistreatment, of wife/sister, 86

mixed descent, 231, 237, 241-3

Mo, 250

mobilisation meetings, 78

modernisation, 28, 227

Mongolia, 2

monogamy, 259

Montreal, 113

monument, 77-80, 101; offerings at, 80; rebuilding, 81

morality, changes in, 103

Morgan, L.H., 282

Mori Ushinosuke, 4

Morris, S., 283

Mosher, C., 286

mother's brother, 49-50, 56, 58, 62-4, 85-7

mother-giver, role of, 66

Mountainous Compatriots, 246

mountains, and

mourning, 102; clothes, 164, 168-9, 173; period, 162, 173

Muang District, 266

multi-ethnic situations, 244

multi-surname associations, 106, 114, 118

multiple social identifications, 25

Murdock, G.P., 222

Musashi University, 12

musical instruments, and funerals, 169

Muslims, 156, 179, 263-4, 263

mutual aid associations, 105-19, 157, 160, 164, 166, 180

mutuha

Myrdal, J., 282

Na-zhuo Tai-zi, 151

Nadel, S, 275

Nakada Mutsuko, 10

Nakagawa Manabu, 201

Nakai Hideki, 47

Nakamura Takashi, 226

Nakane Chie, 15, 21

Nakao Katsumi, 9, 50

Nakao Sasuke, 7

names, 97, 187

Nan Province, 265-6, 273

Nangton, 32

Nanhai County, 112-3

Nanxiong, 110

Nanzhao Kingdom, 183, 264

Naoe Hiroji, 9-10

natal family, 55-7, 64, 187, 220

National Conference of

National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka, 7, 13, 134

National Museum of Japanese History, 263

National Research Council of Thailand, 273

nationalities, in China, 285; see also minorities

native anthropologists, 21

natural environment, 120

networks, 14, 17, 19-21, 26-8, 65-6, 75, 81, 89

New Territories (Hong Kong), 25-6, 201, 282-3

New Year festival, 58, 86, 100, 114, 197, 230, 234, 251, 261

New York, associations in, 115

newspapers, funeral notices, 171

Ng (Wu) Clansmen Association, 115

Ng, 117, 157

Ngo-ni Ong-ia (Twelve Ong-ia), 141, 143-5, 148-54

Nie, Lili, 9, 92, 286, 288

Nigeria, 276

night soil, 93

Ningde, 192

Nishizawa Haruhiko, 9, 47, 288

No-su

non-unilineal descent, 5

North America, 13, 117; Chinese associations in, 114-5

North China

Northern Jiangsu reclamation area, 42

northern Min dialect, 195

nuclear family, 103, 189

Numazaki Ichiro, 14

Nuo, 250

nuo

O'Brien, D.C., 280

oan-pheng

Obayashi Taryo, 7, 11

occupations, 41, 103

offerings, 159, 232, 234, 236, 242, 267,

officials, 73, 256, 287, 289

Ogawa Hiroshi, 11

Oguma Makoto, 10-1

Oi, J., 285-6, 289

Okada Yuzuru, 5, 8, 14

Okamatsu, 4

old people, welfare of, 103

Ong, 157

ong-chio

Ong-ia, 136-7, 140-5, 150-3

Ong-kong, 140

opera, Chinese, 10, 148, 178

Opium War, 248

oracles, 155

ordination, Taoist, 268-9

organic manure, 93

Ou, 157

Oukin

Outline of the History of the She People

outsiders, marriage of, 211

overpopulation, 149

Overseas Chinese, 10-1, 13, 28, 71, 76, 89, 116, 120, 177

Oyama Hikoichi, 54

Oyo, 279

Pacific Ocean, 227

paeq fing

pahatayan

Pahhu, 192, 195-8, 203

Pai, 191

Paiwan, 246

Palilin,

Pan, 238

Pan-guan

Panjia, 32

paper money, 166-7, 174, 179

Papora, 246

Papua-New Guinea, 289

parents, 179, 262

Parish, W., 53, 285

partners, choice of, 52

Pasternak, B., 64

pastoralists, 276

patrilateral kinship, 8, 19, 48, 63, 156-7, 182, 188, 198, 222, 234, 239, 241, 265-6, 269-72

Patrogan, 228

patron-client relations, 289

paw tsong say

Pazeh, 246

Pearl River Delta, 106, 115

Peasant China

peasant society, 27-8, 67, 93, 278, 288-9

peddlars, Chinese, 211

Peel, J.D.Y., 277, 280

Pei Zongqian, 255

Pei-kang, 145, 149

Peipo-a

Pekinese Romanisation, 155

Penang Island, 164

Peng-hu, 137

Pengtung County, 141

Perak State, 159, 179

persecution, of Christians, 253-4, 257, 259

Phayao Province, 265-6, 273

pheng-kim

Philippines, 108

Phitsanulok, 265

photographs, memorial, 181

piau

pigs, as marriage gifts, 54

pilgrimage, 149, 153

pin

Pin-yin, 155

Ping-ti ren

Ping-ti shang-pao

Ping-tung, 137

Pingbu, 191

Pingyang, 192

pioneer spirit, 43

plague, spirits of, 141-2, 145, 150-2, 154

Plains Compatriots, 246

plains, people of, 226, 246

po meng ting

politics, 18, 27, 71, 78, 103, 130, 276, 278-9

Pollard, S., 255-6, 261

Ponglai County, 93

population, density, 189; expansion, 46

possession, 140

post-Mao period, 74, 90

Potter, H-S., 67, 286

Potter, J., 67, 283-5

Pou-tsu, 151

Presbyterian Church, 230

procreation, 50

production, 27, 192

property, 50, 52, 63, 97, 213, 218

prophet, 257

prostrations, 80

Protestants, 261

psychological adaptation, to death, 176

pu-mo

Pu-tong-hua, 8

Pu-zi-zhen Zhen-an-gong Guan-li Wei-yuan-hui, 151

Pua, 157

public buildings, funding, 109

public security bureau, 79

Punti, 25

Punu, 192

Puyuma, 14, 203, 205, 213, 235-46

qi

Qian Long, Emperor, 72

Qianke (She), 192

Qiao hua, 85

Qidong County, 31-2

Qin Dynasty, 71

Qin Zhao-xiong, 290

Qing (Ching) Dynasty, 6, 44, 46, 130, 136-7, 150, 155, 210, 226-7, 243, 263,

Qingjie-Jiao

Qingjie-Jiao

Qingming festival, 72, 76-7, 79-82, 97, 100, 158, 175, 235

Qinming

qinqi, chhin-chhek

qinzu, 48

Quan-zhou, 143, 151

quasi-kinship organisations, 116

quhe

Radcliffe-Brown, A.R., 48, 275-6, 281

radical leftists, 260

rain rituals, 126-8

rainfall, 38

rang zhi tu

Rawski, E., 291

re-integration, at funerals, 176

real estate, association investments, 113

rebel minorities, 11

reciprocity, 88, 245

registration, urban and agrarian, 90

relative demarcation, 17, 19-20

relatives, 164, 166-9, 170-1, 173, 180

religion and ritual, 5, 8, 14, 10, 67, 90, 121, 156, 176, 178, 234-8, 260, 263, 280, 291

ren

renqing

rent, 38

representatives, lineage, 72

Republican period, 44, 90

research on China, 1-16, 281-4

residence patterns, 157, 221-2, 245

responsibility system, 67, 73, 88-90, 93, 261,

revival movement, 257-8

revolutionary ideology, 103

rice 39; cultivation, 6, 39, 226-7, 254; pounders, 198-9

Richards, A., 275

rickshaws, 44

Rikavon Village, 205, 210, 223

Riskin, C., 286

rites of passage, 43, 71

rituals, 287-8; abolition of, 211; funeral, 57, 246; gifts, 54, 71, 85-8; groups, 240; houses, 210; inheritance of, 232; integration, 110; investment in, 89; knowledge, 273; masters, 268; ranking system, 266; revival, 67, 86-7, 102; She and Han, 197

river basins, Bai region, 182

rivers, and

Rugao, 44

Rukai, 246

Ryukyu Islands, 2, 11, 120

"S" Village, population and economy of, 157

Sabak Bernam District, 157

sacrifices, 73

Sai-kang District, 51-2, 66

Saisiyat, 246

Salppawan

Sam-kai-kong, 56

San Francisco, 290

San Tin, 284

san qing

Sancang, 32

Sancha River, 254

Sandbrook, R., 279

Sang Ong-chun, 142

Sano Kenji, 13

Sanshanguowang, 197

Sanyu, 32

Sasaki Komei, 7

Sasaki Mamoru, 9

Sasaki Shiro, 6

say nam

say-tie

Schein, L., 290

Second World War, 3, 5, 8, 13, 25-6, 149-50, 153, 205, 211-2, 227-8, 236, 244

See Chinben, 108

Segawa Masahisa, 10, 14, 15, 128, 134, 286

segmentation, 73, 82, 96, 285

Sei-ban

Selangor, 157

Sen'nin no kai

Senegal, 280

Senegambia, 279

Seng-le

seniority, in lineage, 97

senshu

serfs, 251

seven junior segments, 72

sexual behaviour, 259

Shaanxi Province, 90

shades, belief in, 99, 102

shaeq mien khu

shamanism, 6, 140, 215, 220

Shan Jing-zhi, 74

Shan lineage, 74

Shandong Province, 67, 75, 93, 97-8, 102, 281

Shang-ti shan-pao

Shangen Village, 128, 130-3, 135

Shanghai Bank, 40

Shanghai, 44, 254

Shangji Land Reclamation Group, 40

Shanhaijing, 256

Shanke (She), 192

Shanli, 196-7

Shanxi Province, 22, 72, 90

shao ci shi

Shaopu Mountains, 253

Shaoxing, 122

She nationality, 122, 127-8, 130, 132, 191-2, 195, 197-200

sheng-fan

Sheung Shui: A Chinese Lineage Village

Shi (Shih) Lianzhu, 192

Shi-dian-yan-jun

Shiguping, 196, 197

Shimenkan ("Stone Gateway"), church, 253-5

Shimizu Jun, 5, 14, 286

Shinsha, 228, 230, 235, 243-5

Shinshe, 225, 227, 228

ships, and Ong-ia, 150

Shiratori Kurakichi, 1-2

Shiratori Yoshio, 6, 11

Shirokogoroff, S.M., 290

Shoo Yuen Tong, 114-5

Shouyoujurin Bunkaron

Showa Period, 149

shrines, 56, 197

shu

shu

shu-fan

shui-long

shui-mai

Shuicheng, 255

Shuilingdian Temple, 126-7

Shuixi An clan, 254

shuuyuan,

si-ai

si-gong

Siberia, 2

siblings, 64

Sichuan, 250, 255

sideline businesses, 51, 103

Sierra Leone, 279

Sijia, 32

sin

Singapore, 106, 283

single lineage villages, 198, 201

single-surname associations, 106

sinicisation, 8, 14, 182, 184, 188, 191-2, 195, 198, 200-1, 203, 205, 221-2, 225-7, 234, 236, 239-43, 246, 265, 287-8

Sino-British Joint Declaration Agreement, 118

Siraya, 228, 246

sister's son, 58, 62-4, 66

Siu, Helen F., 89-90, 286

six senior segments, 72

Skinner, G.W., 134

slash and burn cultivation, 192, 196

slaves, 251

Smaldone, J., 279

smallpox, 85, 255

snake, links with earth, 98

social, boundaries, 23; group, 25; identity, 25-6; inequality, 259; integration, and funerals, 163; memory, 67; networks, 22, 24; relationships, and funeral rites, 159; status, 49, 53; stratification, 284-5; structure, 6, 90; social system, Chinese, 20, 21

socialist education campaign, 78, 81

socialist revolution, 67

socialist state, 89-90; and minorities, 287-8

socialist systems, in Africa, 279

sociology, in China, 281

solidarity, 28, 43

son-in-law, 58-9, 62-4, 182

Song dynasty, 110, 112, 195, 251

Song Kingdom, 71

song zhu mi

sons, 48, 189, 222

Soo Yuen Benevolent Association, 114, 119

soothsayer

Sophia University, 12

soul, 92, 99-100, 246, 258

South China

South Manchuria Railway Company, 2, 14

Southeast Asia, 10, 12, 28

Southern Song Dynasty, 122

Soviet Union, 286, 289

Spanish, 226

spirits, 136, 230, 257, 267

Spring and Autumn period (770 BC - 476 BC), 71

Stalin, J., 282

standard of living, 39-40

Stanford University, 284

statistical information, 4

Stevenson, R. 276

stockholders, 40

stone monuments, as raw materials, 76

story-telling, Bai, 190

Stove God, 56

stratification, Puyama, 205

Strickmann, 265

Su County, 262

Sudan, 275

Sue Yuen Tong, 114

Suehiro Gentaro, 9

Suenari Michio, 5, 8, 10, 14, 15, 236, 238-41

Sui-shu, 140

Sun Jiashan, 47

Sung Dynasty, 265

Sung Lung-sheng, 223

Sungai Besar, 164

suo na

supernatural beings, 156

supreme god, 153

surnames, 119, 270; associations, 10, 105; groups, 41, 178

Suxian Prefecture, 262

Suyuan Jia Shu, 114

Suzuki Seiichiro, 8, 49, 142

Swatow, 196

swidden cultivation, 265

syncretism, 261

tables, at banquets, 91

tablets, ancestral, 72, 98, 111, 113, 158, 184, 187-8, 203, 212-3, 215-6, 218-20, 223, 230, 234-41; boxes of, 212, 218, 237-8

tai bao

Tai-Chung, 137

Tai-nan county, 137, 152

tai-qi

Tai-thian-sun-siu, 140, 142

Taihai Shi-cha-lu, 150

Taihoku University, 5

Tainan, 51, 57

Taipei, 8

Taishan County, 113-5

Taitung Plain, 205

Taivoan, 228

Taiwan, 2-5, 11-2, 14-5, 21, 28, 64, 76, 134, 156, 177, 205, 225-6, 228, 285; aborigines, 1-5, 7-8, 226, 246; see also Kvalan, Puyama, etc.; central, 7; Chinese society, 54, 51, 58, 65-6, 246; colonisation of, 7; ethnic transformation in, 203;

Tak, 265

Takahashi Shinishi, 8

Takasago-zoku (Takasago peoples), 243, 246

Takemura Takuji, 11, 13, 202

Tam (Tan) Clansmen Association, 112-3, 116-7

Tam, 112-3

Tan, 10, 51, 107

Tanaka Issei, 10

Tang Dynasty, 1, 141, 157, 251, 264

tang hao

Tang, 157

Tang-ki

Tangabulan, 228

tangshongti

Taoism, 121, 128, 134, 140, 142, 150, 156, 174, 176, 198, 200, 265, 267

Taokas, 246

teetotalism, 259

Tei, 157

Teikoku Gaukushiin

television, 290-1

Telok Anson, 179

temples, committee, 148, 149, 151, 152; finance, 59-60, 66; Ka-chheng-lim, 64; in Fukien and Guangdong, 138

tenants, 30-2, 36-40, 42, 89, 251, 258

teng

teng-hun

Tenghai District, 157

Tenri-kyo

Teochiu (Chao-zhou), 11, 114-5, 117, 157, 159, 169, 177-80, 191, 195-6, 199-200

territorial ties, 27

Tezuka Keiko, 7

Thailand, 12, 265-6; Mien of, 269

Thao, 246

The History of the Three Kingdoms

The Suyuan Monthly Magazine

Thi

thia

Three Kingdoms period, 98

three senior segments, 94

Tianjin, 72; Treaty of, 254

Tianxinzhengfa

tiaogou

Tibet, 6, 263,

Tibeto-Burman languages, 183

tiger on the right, 130

Time and social structure

Tin-an-kiong, 148-53

tiu-lang

To Ching (Ducheng) Countrymen Association, 113

To Ching District Association, 117

toa-ong

Toapekong

Toishan Tam Kwong Yu Tong, 117

Tokyo Jinruigakkai Zasshi

Tokyo Metropolitan University, 12-3

Tokyo University, 290

Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 12-3

tom mien bua, 267

tom taung faang

tom taung mien

tombs, 72, 74, 76, 96, 98, 100-1, 174, 179, 181, 261

Tong, funeral of, 159

tong-mng

tong-yang-xi

Tongde Elementary School, 43

Tongde Village, 41, 43

Tonghai Land Reclamation Company, 29, 32, 36-7, 40

Tongshan County, 72

Tongtai Bank, 30

Tongtai, 44

tongxiang

Tongxiao

Tongxing Zheng, 42

tongxing-buhun

Tongzhou, 44

Torii Kimiko, 6

Torii Ryuzo, 2, 4, 6, 263

tow say

Toyota Foundation, 246

trade, 276

traditional culture continuity of, 10, 67, 156, 287-8

trawl nets, 177

trees, 97

Tribal Research Institute, 273

trousseaux, 84

Tsang, 157

tsey

tshaeq mien khu

tshing kyaa ley sow

tsiep ngyey fin

tsiep ngyey fing mien

Tsou, 246

tsu pun say

tsu pun say

Tsuboi Shogoro, 2

Tsuboi Yobun, 263

Tsuchida Shigeru, 246

Tsukada Shigeyuki, 7

Tsukuba Daigaku Hikaku Minzoku Kenkyukai (Tsukuba University Comparative Folklore Study Group), 13

Tsukuba University, 13

tumaramao

tumu,

Tung-shih, 151

Tungus tribes, 6

Turner, V., 275

Turubiawan, 227-8, 231-4, 237-8, 241

tusi

typhoid, 253

UBS World Report, 260

Uchida Naosaku, 114, 119

Ueda Makoto, 9, 27

Uematsu Akashi, 8

Ueno Hiroko, 8, 14, 54

Un-ong (king of plague), 150

un

un-sin

Under the Ancestors' Shadow

unilateral kindred, 224

United Kingdom, Chinese in, 284

United Methodist Mission, 253, 258

United States, 114-5

University of Nanjing, 46

University of the Sacred Heart, 12

University of Tokyo, 12-3

urbanisation, 18, 41, 278-9, 289

Utsushikawa Nenozo, 3-4, 226

uxorilocal residence, 187-9, 221, 269, 271-2

vaccination, 85

Van Gennep, A., 176

Vasay (Basay, Basai), 246

vegetable production, 284

Vietnam, 11, 15, 256

villages, 5, 27; absence of borders, 8; Chinese, 21; community, 244; integration, and funerals, 159, 163-4, 170, 172; location, 131; chiefs, 59; Puyama, 205; shrines, 8, 159; temples, 59-60; village temple, rebuilding, 59

villagers, role of, 173, 176

virilocal marriage, 182, 230, 245

visiting box, 84

voluntary associations, 105-18

Wainan Salt Farm, 30-1

wands, 257

Wang Weifan, 260

Wang Mingdao, 253

Wang Guolin, 260

Wang Sufei, 46

Wang Tingsheng, 260

Wang Sung-hsing, 14, 21, 66

Wang-Shi Municipality, 92

Wangmuniangniang

Wanyao, 196

war orphans, 26

Ward, B., 283

Watanabe Yoshio, 8, 134

water management, 43

water, and

Watson, J., 54, 105, 118, 177, 223, 283-4, 286, 291

Watson, R., 49, 53, 64, 283-6, 291

wealth, 50

weddings, 49, 58, 83, 88, 91, 177, 261, 271

Wei-tao, people of, 25

Weining, 248, 250, 255-6, 260, 263

Weller, R., 66

wen shi de

Weng surname, 115

Wesley, brothers

West Africa, parallels with, 274

West Town, 183-4

Western Han era, 250

Western Plains, Taiwan, 226

wheel of rebirth, 100

White Yi, 250-1

Whyte, M., 284

wife, and father, 58; and natal household, 271; and ritual, 213, 216

wife-givers, 49-58, 61-6

wife-takers, 49-54, 56, 58, 60-3

wild boar incident, 254, 256

Wilks, I., 279

Williams, G., 278

wind, and

witchcraft, in Africa, 280

Wolf, A., 50, 64, 152, 155, 182, 238, 283-6

Wolf, M., 53, 285

women, and conversion, 257-262; and manual labour, 201; and natal family, 63; as association members, 107; funerals of,

World War II, see Second World War

world of shades, and funeral rites, 92, 99-100

world views, 280

worshippers, settlements of, 148

Wu dialect, 200

Wu lineage, 108

Wu Sangui, 250-1

Wu surname, 107, 115

Wu Wen Shi-zhe, 155

wu fu

Wu, David, 106, 119

Wu, 117, 196, 250; publishing genealogy of, 109

Wu-meng clan, 250

Wu-sa, 250

wu-xing

Wuhan, Bai in, 184

wujue

Wulingman, 203

Wumeng, 250

Wumutou Village, location of and

Wusa, 250

Wuyi River, 128

Xia Dynasty (c.21st - c.16th century BC), 71

Xialong Miao, 127, 131

Xian, 90

Xian-tian-gong Guan-li Wei-yuan-hui, 151

xiang sheng

xiang

xianghuye

Xiao County, 71, 73, 76, 78, 83, 88, 90-1, 262

Xiao Kingdom, 71

xiao qi fang

xiao-gui

Xiao-liu-qiu, 141

xiaomen

Xiapu, 192

Xie Jian, 107, 118

xie zi shang chao

xiedou

Xietiandadi, 197

Xin-tian-pu Village, 22

xing lai wang

Xingfeng, 31; Bank, 30

Xinghua, 32

Xinguo, 192

Xinhui County, 112

Xinlongchang (Xinglongchang), 254

xiu cai

xiucai

xue

Xuzhou, 74

ya cha shu

Yamaji Katsuhiko, 5

Yamas, the ten, 99, 142

Yami, 246

Yan Xuexi, 46

Yan-wang-yie

Yancang District, 260

Yancheng, 44

Yang Hanxian, 251, 253

Yang, C.K., 281

Yang, M.C., 281

yang-zhai

Yangon (Rangoon), Bai in, 184

Yangzi (Yangtze) river, 7, 44, 251

Yanshan, 192

Yao, 11, 125, 191-2, 203, 265, 290

Yao Enrong, 46-7

Yao (She), 192

Yao lineage, 122

Yao Village, 122, 126, 127, 130-1, 133-4

yards, 71

Yellow River, 72, 201, 251

Yen Ching-hwang, 106

Yi (Lolo) language subgroup, 183

Yi, 248, 250-1, 253-6, 260-1, 263-4

Yicang, 32

yields, 38

yin-yang

yin-zhai

Yokoyama Hiroko, 7, 15, 287

Yoruba, 277

Yoshihara Kazuo, 10, 11, 105, 108, 115

Yoshino Akira, 269, 272

Youth League, 78

yu-tai

Yuan Dynasty, 195, 250, 263

Yuanfeng District, 40

Yufeng District, 40

Yugoslavia, 289

Yuhua Land Reclamation Company, 30, 32, 39-40, 42

Yun-lin district, 137, 141, 143, 149

Yungui heights, 248

Yungui Plateau, 182-3, 253

Yunhe County, Zhejiang., 128

Yunnan, 2, 6, 182, 184, 248, 250, 253, 255, 265, 267

Zen, 11

Zeng Shicai, 7, 134

Zengcheng, 191-2

Zha, 250

Zhan ancestor, 115

Zhang Yan, 46

Zhang Baoluo, 255

Zhang Cha, 30

Zhang Duo, 74

Zhang family, 36

Zhang Jian 29-30, 40, 44, 46

Zhang lineage, 74, 142

Zhang surname group, 107

Zhang Tian-shi, the magician, 141-2

Zhang Yan, 36-7, 40, 42, 45-6

Zhang Enyao, 253

Zhangting, 199

Zhao ancestor, 115

Zhao clan, 263

zhao-qiang

Zhaobing

Zhaotong Mission House, 253

Zhaotong, 248-50, 255-7

Zhejiang Province, 9, 49, 121-2, 128, 191-2, 195, 200

zhen

Zhen-Long, 128

zhi

zhi lu

Zhong, 197, 203

Zhongmaoyou River, 30

Zhongshan District, 263

Zhongyang Zheng, 36, 40

zhongzi

Zhou Yingxi, 46-7

Zhou Fujiu, 30, 39

Zhou Lian-xi, 110, 116, 118

Zhou surname, 107, 110-1, 115-8

Zhouan Village, 128

Zhu Yuan-zhang, Emperor, 71

zi jia ren

zi

zong

zong qin hui

zongqinhui

Zu,

zu zong

zuchan

Zulou, 77

Zumu Tumu, 255

zuo zhuang hui

zuo-shou

zupu

zutu

zuzhang

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